Chemistry
Organic mechanisms and synthesis
- 1.
Describe a test distinguishing ethene from ethane at room temperature without ultraviolet light, and state the observation for each.
[3 marks] · no calculator - 2.
State a reagent and condition for converting bromoethane into ethanol, and name the reaction type.
[3 marks] · no calculator - 3.
Explain electrophilic addition of HBr to ethene, identifying the electron source, intermediate and final attacking species.
[3 marks] · no calculator - 4.
Plan conversion of propan-1-ol to propanoic acid. Specify reagent and heating arrangement, and explain why distillation during oxidation would be unsuitable.
[3 marks] · no calculator - 5.
A tertiary halogenoalkane hydrolyses through a carbocation; a primary analogue reacts in one concerted step. Compare how doubling hydroxide concentration affects each rate, under the simple SN1 and SN2 models.
[4 marks] · no calculator - 6.
An ester is prepared from ethanol and ethanoic acid using an acid catalyst. Explain reflux, why conversion is incomplete, and how removing a product differs from adding more catalyst.
[4 marks] · no calculator
Marking points are indicative, not an official mark scheme. Accept equivalent valid methods and supported interpretations that address the task; award each mark once without requiring the model wording.