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AS & A Level · AS/A Level

Geography

Coasts and sustainable cities

Name: ____________________Date: October 10, 2026
  1. 1.

    Explain how hydraulic action and abrasion can erode a cliff. Distinguish the two processes.

    [3 marks] · no calculator
  2. 2.

    A town proposes groynes to retain beach sediment. Evaluate one local benefit and one possible consequence for a settlement down-drift, then suggest how these could be assessed.

    [4 marks] · no calculator
  3. 3.

    A city introduces a congestion charge and expands public transport. Evaluate how far this combination can improve urban sustainability, considering environmental effects and unequal impacts on residents.

    [5 marks] · no calculator