Geography

1. 1.

   Fictional teaching dataset, not an observed basin: annual precipitation P = 900 mm, evapotranspiration E = 520 mm, runoff Q = 330 mm. Use P = E + Q + change in storage. After urbanisation, an equal storm produces a peak of 80 rather than 50 m³/s and a lag of 2 rather than 5 hours. Storm size is controlled; antecedent moisture is unknown. Distinguish infiltration from surface runoff and explain their effect on response time.

   [2 marks] · no calculator
2. 2.

   Fictional teaching dataset, not an observed basin: annual precipitation P = 900 mm, evapotranspiration E = 520 mm, runoff Q = 330 mm. Use P = E + Q + change in storage. After urbanisation, an equal storm produces a peak of 80 rather than 50 m³/s and a lag of 2 rather than 5 hours. Storm size is controlled; antecedent moisture is unknown. Calculate annual change in storage and state whether storage rises or falls.

   [2 marks]
3. 3.

   Fictional teaching dataset, not an observed basin: annual precipitation P = 900 mm, evapotranspiration E = 520 mm, runoff Q = 330 mm. Use P = E + Q + change in storage. After urbanisation, an equal storm produces a peak of 80 rather than 50 m³/s and a lag of 2 rather than 5 hours. Storm size is controlled; antecedent moisture is unknown. Explain how urban surfaces can produce the changed peak and lag.

   [3 marks] · no calculator
4. 4.

   Fictional teaching dataset, not an observed basin: annual precipitation P = 900 mm, evapotranspiration E = 520 mm, runoff Q = 330 mm. Use P = E + Q + change in storage. After urbanisation, an equal storm produces a peak of 80 rather than 50 m³/s and a lag of 2 rather than 5 hours. Storm size is controlled; antecedent moisture is unknown. Explain why equal storm size does not make this a conclusive causal test.

   [3 marks] · no calculator
5. 5.

   Fictional teaching dataset, not an observed basin: annual precipitation P = 900 mm, evapotranspiration E = 520 mm, runoff Q = 330 mm. Use P = E + Q + change in storage. After urbanisation, an equal storm produces a peak of 80 rather than 50 m³/s and a lag of 2 rather than 5 hours. Storm size is controlled; antecedent moisture is unknown. Assess whether permeable paving alone is an adequate response to the raised peak.

   [4 marks] · no calculator
6. 6.

   Fictional teaching dataset, not an observed basin: annual precipitation P = 900 mm, evapotranspiration E = 520 mm, runoff Q = 330 mm. Use P = E + Q + change in storage. After urbanisation, an equal storm produces a peak of 80 rather than 50 m³/s and a lag of 2 rather than 5 hours. Storm size is controlled; antecedent moisture is unknown. Design a before/after investigation to test a detention pond's effect on flood peaks.

   [4 marks] · no calculator

Original, unofficial practice questions from SubjectScout — not official past-paper questions.