History
Cold War: crisis and deterrence
- 1.
Factual framework: the Berlin blockade of 1948-49 was met by an airlift to the western sectors; in the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, Soviet missiles in Cuba prompted a US naval quarantine. Fictional private adviser memo about an unspecified Cold War confrontation: 'Our defensive signal is read there as preparation to attack.' The memo and its author are invented, not attributed to a real official. Explain the purpose of the Berlin airlift.
[2 marks] · no calculator - 2.
Factual framework: the Berlin blockade of 1948-49 was met by an airlift to the western sectors; in the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, Soviet missiles in Cuba prompted a US naval quarantine. Fictional private adviser memo about an unspecified Cold War confrontation: 'Our defensive signal is read there as preparation to attack.' The memo and its author are invented, not attributed to a real official. Explain the security dilemma expressed in the fictional memo.
[2 marks] · no calculator - 3.
Factual framework: the Berlin blockade of 1948-49 was met by an airlift to the western sectors; in the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, Soviet missiles in Cuba prompted a US naval quarantine. Fictional private adviser memo about an unspecified Cold War confrontation: 'Our defensive signal is read there as preparation to attack.' The memo and its author are invented, not attributed to a real official. Explain why nuclear deterrence can discourage war while failing to eliminate crisis risk.
[3 marks] · no calculator - 4.
Factual framework: the Berlin blockade of 1948-49 was met by an airlift to the western sectors; in the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, Soviet missiles in Cuba prompted a US naval quarantine. Fictional private adviser memo about an unspecified Cold War confrontation: 'Our defensive signal is read there as preparation to attack.' The memo and its author are invented, not attributed to a real official. Explain the value and limitation of the fictional private memo for analysing intentions.
[3 marks] · no calculator - 5.
Factual framework: the Berlin blockade of 1948-49 was met by an airlift to the western sectors; in the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, Soviet missiles in Cuba prompted a US naval quarantine. Fictional private adviser memo about an unspecified Cold War confrontation: 'Our defensive signal is read there as preparation to attack.' The memo and its author are invented, not attributed to a real official. Assess whether ideology alone explains Cold War confrontations, using at least one named crisis in the framework.
[4 marks] · no calculator - 6.
Factual framework: the Berlin blockade of 1948-49 was met by an airlift to the western sectors; in the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, Soviet missiles in Cuba prompted a US naval quarantine. Fictional private adviser memo about an unspecified Cold War confrontation: 'Our defensive signal is read there as preparation to attack.' The memo and its author are invented, not attributed to a real official. Assess the claim that a crisis ending without war proves deterrence alone worked.
[4 marks] · no calculator
Marking points are indicative, not an official mark scheme. Accept equivalent valid methods and supported interpretations that address the task; award each mark once without requiring the model wording.