Psychology

1. 1.

   Fictional recall scores are 4, 5, 5, 6 and 10 words. Calculate the mean and median and identify which is more affected by the highest score.

   [3 marks]
2. 2.

   Fictional survey: hours of social-media use correlate positively with reported loneliness. Explain why this alone does not establish that use causes loneliness.

   [3 marks] · no calculator
3. 3.

   Fictional study: in 20 paired observations, 16 show improved scores, 2 worse scores and 2 ties. For a sign test discard ties and define S as the less frequent sign count. Calculate N and S. A supplied critical S is 4 at the chosen significance level; reject when S <= 4. State the decision and one limitation.

   [4 marks]
4. 4.

   Fictional independent-group result: mean scores are 18 and 14; both groups have standard deviation 5. Using d = (mean A - mean B)/5 for this equal-SD case, calculate d. Explain why the effect size alone does not show statistical significance or causation.

   [4 marks]
5. 5.

   Fictional case: researchers obtain p = 0.04 and announce a theory is 96% likely to be true. Evaluate this interpretation and the evidence needed for a stronger conclusion.

   [4 marks] · no calculator
6. 6.

   Fictional case: a researcher tests many outcomes, reports only the significant one and calls the finding confirmatory. Evaluate the reliability of this evidence and propose improvements.

   [4 marks] · no calculator

Original, unofficial practice questions from SubjectScout — not official past-paper questions.